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[:de]Angebots- und Publikumsfragmentierung online[:]
[:de]In Politik, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft werden die Chancen und Gefahren einer Fragmentierung des Medienangebots und dessen Publikum intensiv diskutiert. Den zahlreichen Hoffnungen und Befürchtungen, die mit dieser Veränderung verbunden werden, steht eine eher magere empirische Befundlage gegenüber. In dem Forschungsvorhaben verfolgen zwei ineinander verzahnte Promotionen das Ziel, aus medienökonomischer und sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive den derzeitigen Stand und den Verlauf der Fragmentierung online zu ermitteln und zu erklären. In der publikumszentrierten Dissertation werden die Verläufe und Determinanten der Publikumsfragmentierung bestimmt. Dazu werden die Daten der umfassendsten Reichweitenerhebung online in Deutschland, die MA Internet, aufbereitet und für die wissenschaftliche Nutzung zur Verfügung gestellt. In der angebotszentrierten Dissertation wird die Fragmentierung des Medienangebots analysiert und auf ihre Markteffekte hin untersucht. Hierbei geht es insbesondere um den Einfluss neuer Werbeformen online sowie der Vermeidung von Werbung auf Fragmentierung und einer möglichen Konsolidierung des Medienmarktes online. In einem dritten Schritt werden die Befunde beider Dissertationen zu einem interdisziplinär gewonnenen Gesamtbild der Fragmentierungsprozesse online in Deutschland zu einer zuschauzentrierten Perspektive zusammengeführt. Daraus kann der Stand der Fragmentierung bestimmt werden und es können darauf aufbauend politische Gestaltungsoptionen für eine Stärkung der Demokratie abgeleitet werden. Beide Arbeiten basieren dabei auf den zu erschließenden Datensätzen der MA Internet.
Detailierte Informationen zum Projekt und zu den Projektbeteiligten[:]
Internationale Summer School: Social Media as a Digital Agora for Political Arguments, Opinions, and Ideas
Vom 15. bis 19. Juli 2019
fand die erste internationale Summer School des Forschungsverbundes NRW
Digitale Gesellschaft mit dem Thema „Social Media as a Digital Agora for
Political Arguments, Opinions, and Ideas“ in der Wolfsburg in Düsseldorf statt.
Ausgerichtet und organisiert wurde die fünftägige Summer School gemeinsam mit Prof. Dr. Nicole Krämer (Universität
Duisburg/Essen, PI in Tandem 6), ) und Dr. German Neubaum (Universität Duisburg/Essen,
Leitung der Nachwuchsgruppe Digital Citizenship in Network Technologies).
Ankündigungstext der Summer School:
In ancient
Greece, a central part of social life took place at the agora. At this physical
venue, citizens did not only trade all kinds of commodities, but also
deliberate about important societal issues and politics. Therefore, the agora
can be considered as the birthplace of democracy. Today, social media seem to
bring this ancient Greek idea into a digital world: Services such as YouTube,
Facebook, and Instagram enable citizens not only to publish political thoughts
or initiatives in the form of videos, pictures, or status entries but also to
have civically relevant interactions with other citizens at large scale. While
this might be seen as a potentially enriching tool for democratic societies,
nowadays, it also has to be discussed in the light of less desirable
observations such as uncivilized exchanges (“hate speech”), the spread of
misinformation (“fake news”), the presence of manipulative entities (“social
bots”), or communication in ideologically homogeneous spheres (“filter bubbles”
or “echo chambers”).
Empirical
evidence in the field of computer-mediated political communication has grown in
the last decades. Still, it remains a pressing need for researchers to
systematically identify the circumstances under which politically relevant
communication over network technologies can become beneficial versus
detrimental for individuals and societies. What are the boundary conditions under
which social media serve as marketplaces wherein citizens can contribute to
deliberation and rational exchanges of arguments? Which factors influence
whether this can lead to better informed (political) decisions? Which kind of
citizens benefit most or least when using social media in political contexts?
What are long-term consequences of political discourses via social networking
platforms? How can computational methods be used to understand the mechanisms
within these platforms better and to improve the conditions for the user? What
are ethical implications of political deliberation online and how can we come
to a well-grounded normative stance? Answering these questions clearly demands
a multi-disciplinary approach combining communication studies, psychology,
computer science, social media analytics, ethics, and political science. This
Summer School, hosted by the Forschungsverbund NRW Digitale
Gesellschaft and organized by the University of Duisburg-Essen and University of
Bonn, intends to bring these disciplines together and to offer a fruitful
setting for senior and junior scholars to jointly work on current questions of
political communication in computer-mediated contexts.
Short Program:
Lecture 1: Patricia Rossini: Beyond Deliberative Norms in Online Political Talk: The Role of Incivility and Intolerance Lecture 2: Christoph Bieber: The End of the Political Public as We Know it? Modes of Campaigning during the Midterm Elections 2018 Lecture 3: Gina Chen: If Incivility Means Everything – It Starts to Mean Nothing Lecture 4: Tobias Rothmund: Temporal and Interpersonal Dynamics in the Formation of Opinion-Based Political Facebook Groups – The case of the German “Refugee Crisis“ Lecture 5: Shira Dvir-Gvirsman: Political polarization—Yes? No? Maybe? Lecture 6: Homero Gil de Zúñiga: Social Media Simultaneous Hydraulic Effects Over Democracy
Workshop 1: Annie Waldherr: Introduction into Agent-Based Modeling with NetLogo Workshop 2: Patricia Rossini: Social Media Research Methods: An introduction using R Workshop 3: Gina Chen: What is Online Incivility? Workshop 4: Karsten Weber: Ethics in Social Media and in Social Media Studies Workshop 5: Shira Dvir-Gvirsman: Social media as an instrument of destruction: How social network sites affect the democratic process Workshop 6: Torsten Zesch and Björn Ross: Hands-on social media analytics: Analyzing discussions on Wikipedia Workshop 7: Tobias Rothmund: Can digital communication tools be useful in settling moral conflicts in society? Workshop 8: Homero Gil de Zúñiga: The influence of digital communication on socio-political attitudes and behaviors: Analyzing multi-country survey data
Junior Research Group 1: Demokratische Resilienz in Zeiten von Online-Propaganda, Fake news, Fear- und Hate speech (DemoRESILdigital)
AbstractThe digital society offers new possibilities for democratic participation as well as for disseminating manipulative content. Strategic agents are abusing the easy access to digitally generated publics to spread online propaganda, fake news, fear and hate speech. Such manipulative online content has been assumed to play a crucial role in radicalizing individuals, fostering social polarization, and weakening democracy per se. Even if the empirical evidence partly contradicts such dramatic expectations, the consequences of manipulative online communication should not be underestimated. In consequence, in order to support media recipients in dealing with manipulation attempts via online-media, it is necessary to promote users digital democratic resilience, their individual resistance against manipulative attempts and their ability to make autonomous decisions in virtual communication spheres. However, in order to implement effective tools empowering users and promoting digital democratic resilience, an in-depth understanding of the actors, target groups and impacts of the aforementioned phenomena is needed.
Approach DemoRESILdigital addresses this need. The research team will analyze the actors, dissemination and impact of online propaganda, fake news, fear- and hate speech on different target groups by means of an innovative integration of methods from social sciences, computer science, data science and experimental research on media effects. On this basis, this interdisciplinary junior research group formed by communication scientists and computer scientists will identify and implement suitable intervention and prevention measures to promote democratic resilience.